Without the level of certainty that only science can guarantee, there may be a miscarriage of justice. An illegitimate child may be forced on a hapless ‘father’ while the biological father escapes responsibility. It has happened in real life before. It may be happening in our public administration space today. To connect the dots, let’s recall the famous legal battle (1943-1945) between world-renowned entertainer Charlie Chaplin and the 23-year-old aspiring actress Joan Barry.

